Coastal Regulation Zone of Tuticorin District:
Geographic Location:
Tuticorin district coast extends from Vembar to south of Manappad. Geographically it is located between 8� 9'00''-9� 7'30'' N latitude and 78� 2'30''-78� 25'00''E longitude. This district covers an area of 4,621sq.km.
Fig: Coastal Regulation Zone Information of Tamil Nadu : Tuticorin District
Physiography:
There are two physiographic features in the coast of Tuticorin district. That is in the coastal belt between Vembar to Thiruchendur, there are raised beaches with sand bars parallel to the present coastline. The sand bars are trend towards north to south direction. In the coastal area between Thiruchendur to Manappad , there are sanddune and terridune complexes.
Geology:
The stretch comprises mainly of Archeans Quaternary and recent geological formations.
Geomorphology:
The following coastal geomorphologic features commonly occur in the coast.
The coast line from Vembar to Tiruchendur is developed by sediment accretion except for the Thiruchendur and Manappad which have cliffed coast resulting from erosions of mounds of Quaternary sediments. South of Tuticorin, near the mouth of Korampallam odai, huge sand bar has developed into a northward trending beach cap 4km from the main shore. The south of Tiruchendur coastline is marked by a narrow beach, beyond which extends the coastal ridge from Manapadu to Kudangulam over which sand dunes and beach terraces have developed. The quaternary sandstones are exposed as wave cut platform the entire coast from Periyatalai to Uvari.
Distribution of Coastal Regulation Zone:
The different coastal regulation zone class of Tuticorin District coast and their areal extent are presented in the Table.10
Table.10. Coastal Regulation Zone classes and their areal extent of Tuticorin District
Natural Resources:
Water
Sedimentary formations are traversed in coastal area, comprising of sand, clay, sandstone, calcareous sand with shell inclusion, laterite, Archaean formation, granite gneisses, charnockite, pegmatite and quartzite. Dug cum bore wells and shallow tube wells are prominent in this area. The water table has been highly depleted due for extraction of ground water for irrigation.
Mineral
This coastal belt is rich in garnet, ilmenite and monazite sands. Near the mouth of Kallar and Vaipar river mouths concentrations of ilmenite and garnet sands are observed.
Flora and Fauna
From Surangudi to Tuticorin the sea is filled with occasional coral reefs and algal patches. There are submerged huge rocky patches which themselves form an ecosystem of algae, sea fans and pearl oysters. The coastal region between Vilathikulam, Ottapidaram and Srivaikundam taluks have extensive backwater areas. From Tuticorin to Chinnamuttam the coast is absolutely sandy and is the best nesting ground of sea turtles.
Human Settlements:
Tuticorin district comprises of nine-taluk viz. Tuticorin, Vilattikulam, Kovilpatti, Ottappidaram, Srivaikundam, Tiruchchendur, Sattankulam and sankarankovil. The important occupation of this district people is cultivation, fisheries and other marine related occupations. The total population of this district is 14,55,920 in this 7,09,760 are males and 7,46,160 are females.
Tourism:
Ayanar Sunai, Panchalam Kurichi, Kazhugumalai, Ettayapuram and Tiruchendur are important tourist spots in this district.
Industries:
This sector of Tamil Nadu coast entails major activities such as harbour fishing, salt production, shell fishing etc. The industrial activities include Fertilizer, Chemical units, Heavy water Project and Thermal power Station.
Climate:
The factors that influence the climate of this stretch are the two monsoon winds, the proximity of sea and the dwindling height of the Western Ghats. Due to the absence of hill ranges of considerable height, the monsoons do not precipitate heavy showers. The southwest monsoon also brings showers in the months of June and July and this season is locally called as Saral.
Geographic Location:
Tuticorin district coast extends from Vembar to south of Manappad. Geographically it is located between 8� 9'00''-9� 7'30'' N latitude and 78� 2'30''-78� 25'00''E longitude. This district covers an area of 4,621sq.km.
Fig: Coastal Regulation Zone Information of Tamil Nadu : Tuticorin District
Physiography:
There are two physiographic features in the coast of Tuticorin district. That is in the coastal belt between Vembar to Thiruchendur, there are raised beaches with sand bars parallel to the present coastline. The sand bars are trend towards north to south direction. In the coastal area between Thiruchendur to Manappad , there are sanddune and terridune complexes.
Geology:
The stretch comprises mainly of Archeans Quaternary and recent geological formations.
Geomorphology:
The following coastal geomorphologic features commonly occur in the coast.
- Beach
- Beach ridges
- Cliffed coast.
- Sand dunes
- Beach Terraces
- Spits
- Caspates
- Salt marsh
- Terrisand
The coast line from Vembar to Tiruchendur is developed by sediment accretion except for the Thiruchendur and Manappad which have cliffed coast resulting from erosions of mounds of Quaternary sediments. South of Tuticorin, near the mouth of Korampallam odai, huge sand bar has developed into a northward trending beach cap 4km from the main shore. The south of Tiruchendur coastline is marked by a narrow beach, beyond which extends the coastal ridge from Manapadu to Kudangulam over which sand dunes and beach terraces have developed. The quaternary sandstones are exposed as wave cut platform the entire coast from Periyatalai to Uvari.
Distribution of Coastal Regulation Zone:
The different coastal regulation zone class of Tuticorin District coast and their areal extent are presented in the Table.10
Table.10. Coastal Regulation Zone classes and their areal extent of Tuticorin District
CRZ-I sq.km
|
CRZ-II sq.km
|
CRZ-III sq.km
|
LTL
km |
HTL
km |
100m line km
|
200m line km
|
500m line
km |
76.46
|
8.81
|
76.60
|
238.97
|
355.348
|
Nil
|
145.197
|
173.78
|
Water
Sedimentary formations are traversed in coastal area, comprising of sand, clay, sandstone, calcareous sand with shell inclusion, laterite, Archaean formation, granite gneisses, charnockite, pegmatite and quartzite. Dug cum bore wells and shallow tube wells are prominent in this area. The water table has been highly depleted due for extraction of ground water for irrigation.
Mineral
This coastal belt is rich in garnet, ilmenite and monazite sands. Near the mouth of Kallar and Vaipar river mouths concentrations of ilmenite and garnet sands are observed.
Flora and Fauna
From Surangudi to Tuticorin the sea is filled with occasional coral reefs and algal patches. There are submerged huge rocky patches which themselves form an ecosystem of algae, sea fans and pearl oysters. The coastal region between Vilathikulam, Ottapidaram and Srivaikundam taluks have extensive backwater areas. From Tuticorin to Chinnamuttam the coast is absolutely sandy and is the best nesting ground of sea turtles.
Human Settlements:
Tuticorin district comprises of nine-taluk viz. Tuticorin, Vilattikulam, Kovilpatti, Ottappidaram, Srivaikundam, Tiruchchendur, Sattankulam and sankarankovil. The important occupation of this district people is cultivation, fisheries and other marine related occupations. The total population of this district is 14,55,920 in this 7,09,760 are males and 7,46,160 are females.
Tourism:
Ayanar Sunai, Panchalam Kurichi, Kazhugumalai, Ettayapuram and Tiruchendur are important tourist spots in this district.
Industries:
This sector of Tamil Nadu coast entails major activities such as harbour fishing, salt production, shell fishing etc. The industrial activities include Fertilizer, Chemical units, Heavy water Project and Thermal power Station.
Climate:
The factors that influence the climate of this stretch are the two monsoon winds, the proximity of sea and the dwindling height of the Western Ghats. Due to the absence of hill ranges of considerable height, the monsoons do not precipitate heavy showers. The southwest monsoon also brings showers in the months of June and July and this season is locally called as Saral.
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